The formation of the Isthmus of Panama - a strip of land that separates the Caribbean Sea from the Pacific Ocean, and connects North and South America-- is considered one of the most important geologic, oceanographic, and biogeographic events ever, but the exact timing of the final closure of the Isthmus has become controversial.

Dr. Jay Rooker, Dr. David Wells and Dr. Ron Eytan of Texas A&M Galveston Marine Biology are co-investigators on a research consortium led by Dr. Tracey Sutton from Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.